Why do we need potassium?
This mineral helps our muscles and nerves to function properly. It also maintains the proper electrolyte and acid-base balance in our body. Potassium may also counteract the increased urinary calcium loss caused by the high-salt diets typical of Singaporeans, thus helping to prevent bones from thinning out at a fast rate. For this section, I have included information on both deficiency and elevated levels of potassium.
Potassium occurs naturally in a wide variety of foods. As a result, dietary deficiency of potassium is uncommon. However, if you experience excessive fluid loss, through vomiting, diarrhea or sweating, or if you take certain medications, you may be at risk for potassium deficiency. The symptoms of potassium deficiency include muscle weakness, confusion, irritability, fatigue, and heart disturbances. Athletes with low potassium stores may tire more easily during exercise, as potassium deficiency causes a decrease in glycogen (the fuel used by exercising muscles) storage.
Elevated blood levels of potassium can be toxic, and may cause an irregular heartbeat or even heart attack. Under most circumstances, the body maintains blood levels of potassium within a tight range, so it is not usually possible to produce symptoms of toxicity through intake of potassium-containing foods and/or supplements.However, high intakes of potassium salts (potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate) may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or ulcers.
Hyperkalemia occurs when the level of potassium in the bloodstream is higher than normal. This may be related to an increase in total body potassium or the excess release of potassium from the cells into the bloodstream. The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Therefore, most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys’ ability to excrete potassium.
Hyperkalemia often has no symptoms. Occasionally, people may have the following symptom:
- Irregular heartbeat
- Nausea
- Slow, weak or absent pulse.
Potassium may play a role in the prevention and/or treatment of the following health conditions:
- Atherosclerosis
- Cataracts
- Dehydration
- Diabetes
- Hepatitis
- High Blood Pressure
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Osteoporosis
- Potassium depletion due to excessive fluid loss from diarrhea, vomiting or sweating.
Potassium is found in abundance in many foods, and is especially easy to obtain in fruits and vegetables. Excellent sources of potassium include mushrooms, and spinach. Very good sources of potassium include fennel, kale, mustard greens, Brussel sprouts, broccoli, winter squash, blackstrap molasses, eggplant, cantaloupe, and tomatoes. Good sources of potassium include parsley, cucumber, bell pepper, turmeric,apricots, ginger root, strawberries, avocado, banana, tuna, halibut, cauliflower and cabbage.